A Resource-Based Logic for Termination and Non-Termination Proofs (Technical Report)

We propose a unified logical framework for specifying and proving both termination and non-termination of various programs. Our framework is based on a resource logic which captures both upper and lower bounds on resources used by the programs. By an abstraction, we evolve this resource logic for execution length into a temporal logic with three predicates to reason about termination, non-termination or unknown. We introduce a new logical entailment system for temporal constraints and show how Hoare logic can be seamlessly used to prove termination and non-termination in our unified framework. Though this paper’s focus is on the formal foundations for a new unified framework, we also report on the usability and practicality of our approach by specifying and verifying both termination and non-termination properties for about 300 programs, collected from a variety of sources. This adds a modest 5-10% verification overhead when compared to underlying partial-correctness verification system.